Method of producing unsaturated organosilicon compounds

ABSTRACT

Method of producing unsaturated organosilicon compounds by hydrosilylation of conjugated dienic hydrocarbons by organosilicon hydrides of the common formulae R2SiHCl2, SiHCl3, (R3O)3SiH, where R2 means methyl, ethyl or phenyl group, and R3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methoxyethyl and 2-ethoxyethyl-group, in the presence of catalysts consisting of compounds of zerovalent and of divalent nickel. The reactants are contacted at a temperature within the range of 70* to 200*C.

United States Patent [1 1 Capka et al.

[ Sept. 23, 1975 METHOD OF PRODUCING UNSATURATED ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS Inventors: Martin Capka; Petr Svoboda; Jiri Hetflejs; Vladimir Bazant; Petr Bazant; Vera Bazantova; Jan Bazant, all of Prague, Czechoslovakia Ceskoslovenska akademie ved, Prague, Czechoslovakia Filed: Nov. 23, 1973 App]. No.: 418,293

Assignee:

Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 23, 1973 Czechoslovakia 7972-73 US. Cl. 260/448.2 E; 260/448.8 'R, 252/431 P; 252/431 C; 252/437;

Int. Cl. C07F 7/02; C07F 7/12; C07F 7/18 Field of Search 260/448.2 E, 448.8 R

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS lO/1955 MacKenzie et al. 260/448.2 E

2,823,218 2/1958 Speier et al. 260/448.2 E 2,907,784 10/1959 Jex et al. 260/448.2 E 2,908,699 10/1959 Jex et al. 260/448.2 E

2,970,150 l/l96l Bailey 260/448.2 E X 3,658,866 4/1972 Tsuji et al. 260/4482 E Primary ExaminerPau1 F. Shaver 2 Claims, No Drawings METHOD OF PRODUCING UNSATURATED ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Processes so far known in the art for preparing monosilyl-substituted alkenes are effected only with difficulty or they produce the compounds with comparatively low yields, especially when chloroor alkoxysubstituted silicon hydrides are used as reactants. Thus, for instance, n-butenyltrichlorsilane was obtained by reacting trichlorosilane in the presence of a radical initiator at a temperature of 300C for 24 hours. A similar reaction catalyzed by a supported platinum catalyst and carried out at a temperature of 160C over a period of 2.5 hours produced trichlorosilylbutene and bis(trichlorosilyl)-butane with 40% and 30% yields, respectively. .A low selectivity was also found with one of the most widely used hydrosilylation catalysts, hexachloroplatinic acid. For example, the addition of methyldichlorosilane to piperylene carried out at 100 to 120C for 5 hours produced the methyldichlorosilyl derivative in a 43% yield. On the addition of triethoxysilane to isoprene, the mono-triethoxysilyl derivative was formed with a 17% yield, and a similar reaction of trichlorosilane with chloroprene produced the monosilyl-substituted alkene with only a 7% yield. The few selective catalytic systems so far available, which were found to effect the addition of trichlorosilane to l,3-butadiene nearly to the exclusion of the formation of the monosilylated alkene, are a metallic palladium excess triphenylphosphine system, a zero-valent palladium complex, bis(triphenylphosphine) (maleicanhydride) palladium, and some complexes of divalent palladium. In addition to the aforesaid low selectivity of platinum catalysts, all the processes employing compounds of palladium or platinum as catalysts suffer from some disadvantages which stem from the comparatively high price of these metals. An object of the present invention is to obviate or mitigate the aforesaid disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The nickel catalysts described in the present invention enable chlorosilyl-substituted alkenes, alkoxysilylsubstituted alkanes and alkoxysilyl-substituted alkadienes to be prepared under comparatively mild conditions, the formation of undesired side products being nearly completely avoided. Another advantage of these catalysts is their low price.

According to the invention, the reaction of organosilicon hydrides of the formulae where R is methyl, ethyl or phenyl group and R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2- ethoxyethyl group,

with conjugated dienic hydrocarbons, preferably butadiene, isoprene and piperylene, is carried out in the presence of catalysts consisting of compounds of zerovalent and of divalent nickel. The compounds of this type are preferably bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphite)nickel, bis( 1r-allyl) nickel and bis(triphenylphosphite)dicarbonylnickel. Other catalysts within the scope of this invention are dicyklopentadienyldicarbonyldinickel or substances of general formula L NiX where L are two molecules of a tertiary phosphine, ad

2 vantageously triphenylphosphine, or one molecule of a ditertiary phosphine, advantageously l,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzone, and X is an anionoid ligand, advantageously chlorine, bromine, iodine atom and cyano, nitro or thiocyanato group.

Still other catalysts are salts of divalent nickel, preferably nickel(1l) chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, butyrate and acetylacetonate, used in the presence of a tertiary phosphine, such as triphenylphosphine, or of a ditertiary phosphine, such as triphenylphosphine, or of aditertiary phosphine, such as l,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene.

Catalytic activity of Ni(1 l) salts may usually be advantageously modified by the addition of a tertiary amine, preferably triethyl-, tripropylor tributylamine, or of a N-heterocyclic base, preferably pyridine. The addition of these substances turned out to be particularly advantageous in the case of nickel(l l)acetylacetonate and nickel( l l) butyrate.

The molar ratio of the nickel compound to the free ligand, which is advantageously the aforesaid tertiary, and ditertiary phosphine, tertiary amine or N-heterocyclic compound, is generally controlled by the coordination ability of these ligands, and for the purposes of this invention the most advantageous molar ratio of these components lies within 1:10 and 10:1.

It was found that the reaction may be also effected in the presence of catalysts formed from bis(cyclooctadiene) nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel, tetracarbonylnickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphite )nickel,

bis(1r-allyl) nickel, bis(triphenylphosphine)dicarbonylnickel, compounds of the general formula L NiX where L and X have the same meaning as above, salts of divalent nickel, advantageously nickel chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, butyrate and acetylacetonate, and organic polymers containing tertiary amine, tertiary phosphine or nitrile groups, the polymeric compounds being preferentially polystyrene, divinylbenezenestyrene copolymers, allyl chloride-divinylbenzene copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polymethacrylates and their copolymers, the metal content in the catalysts being 0.1 up to 20% by weight. Catalysts not containing tertiary phosphine or tertiary amine groups are advantageously used in the presence of a tertiary or ditertiary phosphine, preferably triphenylphosphine, l,2-bis(triphenylphosphino) ethane, or in the presence of a tertiary amine, preferably triethyl-, tripropyl-, and tributylamine, or of a N-heterocyclic compound, preferably pyridine.

Another group of the catalysts within the scope of this invention comprises the substances formed from bis(cyclo-octadiene)nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) nickel, tetracarbonylnickel, tetrakis (triphenylphosphite)nickel, bis( -n'-allyl)nickel, bis(triphenylphosphine)dicarbonylnickel, compounds of the formula L NiX where L and X have the meaning above specified, salts of divalent nickel, preferably nickel( l 1) chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, butyrate and acetylacetonate, and inorganic materials, such as silica, alumina, glass and molecular sieve, containing tertiary phosphine, tertiary amine and cyano groups, these groups being bonded to the inorganic surface either directly or through OSi-R chain, where R is C C alkylene group, arylene group, preferably phenylene, naphthylene or biphenylene, C -C aralkylene group, C C, alkarylene group, the catalysts containing from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the metal. With 3 these catalysts hydrosilylation reactions are carried out in the presence of a tertiary or ditertiary phosphine, advantageously triphenylphosphine, l,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane, or in the presence of a tertiary 4 The following examples are illustrative of the practice of the invention and are not intended for purposes of limitation. Unless otherwise stated, all parts are by weight.

amine, advantageously triethyl-,tripropyland tributyl- 5 amine, or of a N-heterocyclic compound, advanta- EXAMPLE 1 geously pyridine. A reaction vessel was charged with 12 parts of mac- The reaction catalyzed by the aforesaid types of the roreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containcatalysts can also be effected in the presence of a soling CH P(C H groups (P content 5.1%), and then vent, under the pressure of the vapors of the reaction 1O 12 parts of nickel(1l) chloride (hexahydrate) discomponents or at an elevated pressure adjusted by an solved in 100 parts of ethanol were added. The reaction inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon. The catalysts havmixture was allowed to stand for 2 days and then it was ing the transition metal coordinately bound to polyheated at 85C for 16 hours. Filtration, washing the meric organic compounds or to inorganic supports enproduct with ethanol and drying it yielded a catalyst able the reaction to be carried out with reactants in a containing 0.9% Ni. gaseous phase. As a solvent, any substance which does not react with the reactants and dissolves the reacting EXAMPLE 2 compounds, and in the ease of soluble catalysts, dis- A reaction vessel was charged with 31 parts of macsolves them at least partly, may be used. Such solvents roreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containare, for example, ethers, such as tetrahydrofurane, or 20 ing CH P(C H groups (P content 3.7%), and then aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, a xy- 12 parts of nickel (1 l nitrate (hexahydrate), dissolved lene etc. The choice of the reaction temperature is inin 250 parts of ethanol, were added and the reaction fluenced above all by the reactivity of the starting commixture was kept under mild reflux for 5 hours. Filtrapounds and by the nature of the catalyst. The reaction tion, washing the product with ethanol and drying it may be carried out at a temperature from 70 to 200C, yielded a catalyst containing 0.3% Ni. advantageously at temperature within the range from 140C EXAMPLE 3 Although the relative amounts of the silicon hydride A reaction vessel was charged with commercial and the dienic hydrocarbon are determined by the stoistyrenedivinylbenzene copolymer containing dimethylcheiometry of the reaction, the reaction may also be amino groups, and then lOparts of nickel l l chloride carried out with non-stoicheiometric ratios of the reac- (in the form of its hexahydrate), dissolved in 700 parts tion components. Thus, for example, with chloro-subof ethanol, were added and the reaction mixture was stituted silanes, a moderate excess of the dienic hydromaintained under mild reflux for 3 hours. Filtration, carbon somewhat increases the conversion of the reacwashing the product with ethanol, and drying it gave 21 tion with respect to the silicon hydride. On the other catalyst containing 3.8% Ni. hand, in the case of alkoxy-substituted silanes, an excess of the dienic hydrocarbon increases the yield of EXAMPLE 4 octadienylsilanes. A great excess of the diene was Two parts of bis(triphen"ylphosphine) nickel( l 1) difound to bring about an undesired side reaction in some chloride dissolved in 200 parts of benzene were added cases, the formation of butadiene oligomers at the exto 15 parts of silica containing cyano groups bonded to pense of the products of the hydrosilylation reaction. inorganic support through O-Si(Cl-l chain. The amount of the catalyst may vary within wide lim- The reaction components were allowed to stand at its. The catalysts described in this invention are effec- 30C for 30 hours. The solid was filtered off, washed tive in an amount of about 1 mol nickel per 1X10 to with benzene and dried to give a catalyst containing 1x10 mol dienic hydrocarbon; the maximum of the 0.78% Ni. catalyst is dictated by the economics of the process. It has been found that desirable rates of the reaction may EXAMPLE 5 be obtained by the use of the catalyst in concentrations Two parts of hexahydrate of nickel(l 1) dichloride of the order of 1 mol nickel per l 10 to l l0 mol didissolved in 300 ml of ethanol were added to 15 parts enic hydrocarbon. To effect the reaction, it is generally of the support described in Example 4, and the mixture advantageous to prepare the reaction mixture such that was heated to its boiling point for 3 hours. Filtration of the catalyst is first placed in the reaction vessel, then the solid material, its washing with ethanol, and drying the dienic hydrocarbon is introduced, and finally the afforded a catalyst containing 0.88% Ni. silicon hydride is added.

The alkenylor alkadienylsilanes obtained by the EXAMPLE 6 process described in this invention contain reactive A reaction vessel was charged with an appropriate chlorine atom or reactive alkoxy group, along with amount of the catalyst, butadiene and trichlorosilane multiple bonds. They may then serve as starting comand the reaction mixture was heated at 120C for 3 pounds for preparing other silicon derivatives. They hours. The amounts of reaction components are listed may be also used, for example, for hydrofobisation of in the following Table 1, along with the yields of buteinorganic materials or as coupling agents for cross-linknyltrichlorosilane determined by g.l.c. and calculated ing of inorganic materials with organic polymers. with respect to trichlorosilane.

TABLE 1 Yield of Catalyst Ligand butadiene trichlorosilane butenyltrichlorosilane (wt.parts) (wLparts) (pans) (parts) Ni(aC8C) 10) 650 1400 17 TABLE l-continued Yield of Catalyst Ligand butadiene trichlorosilane butenyltrichlorosilane (wtlparts) (wt.parts) (parts) (parts) Ni(CO) (PPh (l) 650 1400 57 650 1400 53 Catalyst from Example 1 10) NiCl (PPh (10) 650 1400 64 NiCl -6H 0 PPh:, (20) 3250 7000 4 Ni(N0 ),.6H O (5) PPh; (20) 3250 7000 53 Ni( PPhah (5) 650 1400 91 NiCl (PPh 1300 2800 69 Catalyst from Example 3 l0) 650 1400 28 Ni(N0 .6H 0 (6) v diphos (23) 1950 4200 12 Ni(NO ),.6H O (6) PBu (2S) 1950 4200 61 Catalyst from Example 2 (10) PPh (27) 1950 3500 28 NiBl flPlh); 8 1950 3500 67 Ni(C H )z (5) PPh: 1300 2800 31 Ni( acac) (5) BDFB 1300 2800 44 NiCl .6l-l O (5) diphos (25) 1950 4200 71 Nil PPh (7) 1300 2800 54 Ni(CN) (PPh (7) 975 2100 47 Catalyst from Example 5 (50) PPh (20) 650 1400 59 Catalyst from Example 6 (50) PPh (20) 650 1400 62 NiCl PPh (10) NEt (8) 1300 2100 47 Ni(acac) (5) NEt; (12) 1300 2100 68 "acac acetylacetonate, Ph phenyl, Bu butyl, diphos 1,Z-bis-diphenylphosphino)ethane C l-1 0;, CH;,CH(OH)COO",

BDFB 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene; benzene, 3200 pans EXAMPLE 7 A reaction vessel was charged with 12 parts of tetra- EXAMPLE 10 Example 9 was repeated with the exception that kis (triphenylphosphine)nickel and then 680 parts of ethyldichlorosilane was used in place of methyldiisoprene, 1500 parts of tetrahydrofurane, and 1400 parts of trichlorosilane were successively added. The reaction mixture was then heated at 120 C for 3 hours. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, it con tained 86% of 1/1 adduct of trichlorosilane with isoprene.

EXAMPLE 8 Example 7 was repeated with the exception that piperylene was used in place of isoprene. The reaction chlorosilane. The reaction mixture contained 54% of ethylbutenyldichlorosilane.

EXAMPLE 1 1 Appropriate amounts of the catalyst, butadiene and triethoxysilane were introduced to a reaction vessel and the reaction mixture was heated at C for 3 hours. The amounts of reaction components, along with the yields of butenyltriethoxysilane, are summarized in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Catalyst Ligand" butadiene triethoxysilane butenyl-trioktadienyl- (parts) (parts) (parts) (parts) ethoxysilane triethoxysilane NiCl (PPh (5) 1950 1750 46 17 NiBr (PPh (5) 1950 1750 52 18 Ni(PPh; (5) 1950 4340 67 9 Ni(C H O;,) (5) PPh (20) 1950 1750 28 2 Catalyst from example 5 PPh (20) 650 870 79 4 Ni(C l-l .,O (6) PBu (20) 1950 1740 68 3 NiC1 Plh (l0) Et N (9) 1300 1260 62 11 NiC1 PPh (10) pyridine (10) 1300 1260 54 14 Ni(C l-l O (5) pyridine (10) 1300 1260 68 4 NiCl (5) Et N (13) 1300 1260 28 8 Ni(C;,l-l O (6) pyridine (23) 1300 1260 52 13 temperature 90C mixture contained 69% of 1 /1 adduct of trichlorosilane with piperylene.

EXAMPLE 9 EXAMPLE 1 2 A reaction vessel was successively charged with 12 60 parts of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel, parts of butadiene and parts of tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, and the mixture was heated at 120C for 3 hours; after cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture contained 64% of tris(-2-methoxyethoxy 65 butenylsilane.

EXAMPLE 1 3 Example 12 was repeated with the exception that tris(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane was used in place of tris( 2- 7 methoxyethoxy)silane. Butenyltris(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane was obtained with a 46% yield.

EXAMPLE 14 Example 12 was repeated with the exception that tri(n-propyl)silane was used in place of tris( Z-methoxyethoxy) silane. The product of the reaction was butenyltri(n-propyl) silane (42% yield).

EXAMPLE 15 Example 12 was repeated with the exception that 120 parts of trimethoxysilane were used in place of 190 parts of tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane. After the reaction, the reaction mixture contained 38% of butenyltrimethoxysilane, along with 40% of octadienyltrimethoxysilane.

EXAMPLE 16 A reaction vessel was charged with 1 part of bis-(triphenylphosphine )nickel( l l dichloride, 195 parts of butadiene, and 350 parts of trichlorosilane, and the reaction mixture was heated at the temperature indicated below for 3 hours. The following yields of butenyltrichlorosilane, depending on the reaction temperature A reaction vessel was charged with 2.4 parts of bis (cyclopentadienyl)-dicarbonyldinickel, 820 parts of triethoxysilane and 270 parts of butadiene. The reaction mixture was heated at 80C for 2 hours; after cooling the mixture to room temperature, distillation of the mixture yielded 80% butenyltriethoxysilane.

bis (1,5 cyclooctadiene) nickel, tetracarbonylnickel,

bis (triphenylphosphine) dicarbonylnickel, and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel, a nickel complex of the formula L NiX where L is chosen from the group consisting of two molecules of triphenylphosphine and one molecule of 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphine)ethane, and X is chosen from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine atom, a cyano group, and a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of a nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel iodide, nickel nitrate, nickel lactate and nickel acetylacetonate, coordinately bound to a tertiary phosphine selected from the group consisting of triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, 1,2 -bis (diphenylphosphine) benzene and a tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, tripropylamine, and tributylamine, said silicon compound being selected from the group consisting of dichloromethylsilane, dichloroethylsilane, dichlorophenylsilane, trichlorosilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, tris (2- methoxyethoxysilane), and tris (2-ethoxyethoxy) silane, and said dienic hydrocarbon being selected from the group consisting of l,3-butadiene, isoprene, and piperylene.

2. A process as in claim 1, in which the reaction is effected by heating the reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of to C. 

1. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF UNDSATURATED ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS COMPRISING REACTING TOGETHER IN THE PRESENCE OF A NICKEL COMPOUND A SILICON COMPOUND AND A DIENIC HYDROCARBON SAID NICKEL COMPOUND BEING (1,5 CYCOOCTADIENE) NICKEL, TETRACARBONYLNICKEL, BIS (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE) DICARBONYLNICKEL, AND TETRAKIS (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE) NICKEL, A NICKEL COMPLEX OF THE FORMULA L2 NIX2 WHERE L2 IS CHOSEN FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TWO MOLECULES OF TRIPHENYPHOSPHINE AND ONE MOLECULE OF 1,2-BIS (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINE) RETHANE AND X IS CHOSEN FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CHLORINE, BROMINE AND IODINE ATOM, A CYANO GROUP, AND A NICKEL SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A NICKEL CHLORIDE, NICKEL BROMIDE NICKEL IODIDE, NICKEL NITRITE NICKEL LACTATE AND NICKEL ACETYLACETONATE CORDINATELY LOUND TO A TERLIARY PHOSPHINE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TRIPHEYLPHOSPINE, TRIBUTYPHOSPINE, 1 2-BIS (PIPNENYLPHOSPHINO) ENAMINE, 1,2-BIS (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO) BENZENE AND A TERTIARY AMINE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TRIETHYLAMINE, TRIPROPLAMINE, AND TRIBUTYLAMINE, SAID SILICON COMPOUND BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DICHLOROMETHYLSILANE, DICHLOROETHYLSILANE, DICHLOROPHENYLSILANE, TRICHLOROSILANE, TRIETHOXYSILANE, TRIPROPOXYSILANE, TRIS (2-METHOXYETHOXYSILANE) AND TRIS (2-ETHOXYETHOXY) SILANE, AND SAID DIENIC HYDROCARBON BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 1,3-BUTADIENE, ISOPRENE, AND PIPERYLENE.
 2. A process as in claim 1, in which the reaction is effected by heating the reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of 70* to 170*C. 